Foaling is one of the most exciting and nerve-wracking moments for horse owners. Being prepared for this event can help ensure the safety of both mare and foal. At Signature Equine Hospital, our equine doctors specialize in providing exceptional care during this crucial time. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the three main stages of foaling: pre-birth, in-birth, and post-birth.
Pre-Foaling
Mares often prefer to foal at night in privacy, sometimes waiting until you’ve stepped away to deliver. While they are highly capable of birthing on their own, having a plan and understanding the signs of impending labor are vital.
Create a Safe Environment
Your mare will need a clean, safe, and quiet place to foal. Many owners choose between a pasture and a stall. A grassy pasture is often cleaner and provides ample room, reducing the risk of the mare foaling too close to walls. If you opt for a stall, ensure it is at least 14 x 14 feet, with straw bedding to prevent injuries and eye ulcers in the newborn.
Know the Signs of Labor
Mares give clear signs that foaling is near, such as their udders filling with milk two to four weeks prior. Relaxation of the vulva and tailhead, as well as waxing on the teats, are common indicators. In the final days, mares may show restlessness, sweating, and tail raising. Keep your equine doctor’s number handy in case complications arise.
Prepare for Foaling
Prepare the stall with plenty of shavings/straw and monitor her closely, a calcium test strip is available to predict imminent foaling. It’s best to allow the mare to deliver undisturbed unless issues occur.
Labor and Delivery
Labor in mares progresses quickly, so vigilance is crucial. The foaling process is divided into three stages:
Stage One: Early Labor
This stage begins with contractions and lasts 1-2 hours. The mare may roll, lie down, or pace to position the foal. The rupture of the allantois sac, signaled by a gush of fluid, marks the transition to stage two.
Stage Two: Delivery
The foal’s normal presentation resembles a diving position, with front hooves followed by the nose and head. If there is no significant progress within 10-15 minutes of membrane rupture, call your equine hospital immediately. Red bag deliveries, where the foal’s oxygen supply is compromised, require urgent intervention to cut the thickened placenta and deliver the foal promptly.
Stage Three: Expulsion of the Placenta
The placenta should pass within 1-3 hours after delivery. Retained placentas can lead to severe infections or laminitis. Save the placenta for examination by your equine doctor to ensure it is intact.
During these stages, resist the urge to pull the foal unless directed by a veterinarian. Improper handling can harm both mare and foal.
Post-FOALING
The hours following birth are critical for the mare and foal’s health. Here’s what to monitor:
Foal’s First Milestones
The foal should attempt to stand within 30-60 minutes and nurse within 2 hours. Failure to nurse may indicate weakness, requiring immediate veterinary assistance. Ensure the foal passes meconium, the first dark stool, soon after birth. If not, administer an enema under veterinary guidance.
Mare’s Well-Being
Monitor the mare for signs of distress, retained placenta, or colic. She should appear bright and alert, bonding with her newborn foal, with access to fresh water and food. Periodically check her temperature and other vital signs to detect potential infections early.
Colostrum and Immunity
Colostrum, the mare’s first milk, is vital for the foal’s immunity. It must be consumed within 8-12 hours of birth for optimal antibody absorption. If the mare lacks colostrum or leaked before foaling, consult your equine hospital about alternatives, such as frozen colostrum or plasma transfusions.
Veterinary Examination
A post-partum exam for the mare, foal, and placenta ensures that no complications are overlooked. Many foals are born with abnormal angles of the legs, which typically straighten within a day or two. However, consult your equine doctor if abnormalities persist.
Foaling is a miraculous yet complex process that demands preparation, observation, and care. By understanding the stages of foaling and knowing when to seek veterinary help, you can support your mare and foal through a safe and healthy birth. Signature Equine Hospital is here to assist you every step of the way. Whether it’s pre-foaling planning or post-foaling care, our expert equine doctors are ready to help. Contact us today to ensure your mare and foal receive the best care possible.